I had a similar issue with front brakes before, it turned out that pushing the brake piston in further than it usually travells also pushed the master cylinder through its bore further than it usually travells and this made the rubber seal come into contact with a rough spot in the bore that destroyed the seal. Bought a master cylinder rebuild kit, polished the bore with very fine wet & dry to ensure it didnt hit the same rough spot and I was back in business.
Just re-read that and it wasnt too clear. I meant to say it pushed the master cylinder piston through its bore further than it usually travels. It did involve 2 days of repeateadly stripping and bleeding the system and a real HERES JOHNNY moment before I figured what had happened. It wont be obvious if you take the piston out, you'll only know for sure when you fit a new piston.
Hope it goes better for you than it did for me.